Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller - 888 Words

Death of a Salesman† is a play written by Arthur Miller in the year 1949. The play revolves around a desperate salesman, Willy Loman. Loman is delusioned and most of the things he does make him to appear as a man who is living in his own world away from other people. He is disturbed by the fact that he cannot let go his former self. His wife Linda is sad and lonely; his youngest son Biff is presented as a swinger/player while his eldest son Happy appears anti-business and confused by the behavior of his father. The two sons end up as failures because of following the ways of his father. This powerful American tragedy makes one think that the play will end as happily as it started, only to find that the ending is tragic, sad and unanticipated. This story revolves around a middle-class family in an American setting where the main character, Loman is presented as a failed salesman. He does not believe in the American dream other people believe in, but rather, he has devised his ow n version. He aspires to be a respected and successful businessman. These are however self-imposed and self-declaratory, as his life story shows something else altogether: failure and a sorry state of affairs. Miller has successfully brought out a thrilling tragic play in the â€Å"Death of a Salesman† The underlying elements of a tragedy are that the theme is melancholic and somber, as a result of the downfall of a great personality citing destruction, conflict or fate. The hero in â€Å"Death of a Salesman† isShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1387 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican play-write Arthur Miller, is undoubtedly Death of a Salesman. Arthur Miller wrote Death of a Salesman in 1949 at the time when America was evolving into an economic powerhouse. Arthur Miller critiques the system of capitalism and he also tells of the reality of the American Dream. Not only does he do these things, but he brings to light the idea of the dysfunctional family. Death of a Salesman is one of America’s saddest tragedies. In Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman, three major eventsRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1573 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents a character with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the m ain character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Bloom 2). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and theRead MoreDeath of Salesman by Arthur Miller972 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Death of a Salesman by the playwright Arthur Miller, the use of names is significant to the characters themselves. Many playwrights and authors use names in their works to make a connection between the reader and the main idea of their work. Arthur Miller uses names in this play extraordinarily. Not only does Miller use the names to get readers to correlate them with the main idea of the play, but he also uses names to provide some irony to the play. Miller uses the meanings of someRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1628 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller wrote the Pulitzer Prize winning play Death of a Salesman in 1949. The play inflated the myth of the American Dream of prosperity and recognition, that hard work and integrity brings, but the play compels the world to see the ugly truth that capitalism and the materialistic world distort honesty and moral ethics. The play is a guide toward contemporary themes foreseen of the twentieth century, which are veiled with greed, power, and betrayal. Miller’s influence with the play spreadRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller949 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Salesman can be described as modern tragedy portraying the remaining days in the life of Willy Loman. This story is very complex, not only because of it’s use of past and present, but because of Willy’s lies that have continued to spiral out of control throughout his life. Arthur Miller puts a modern twist on Aristotle’s definition of ancient Greek tragedy when Willy Loman’s life story directly identifies the fatal flaw of the â€Å"American Dream†. Willy Loman’s tragic flaw can be recappedRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller846 Words   |  4 PagesA Dime a Dozen The Death of a Salesman is a tragedy written by playwright Arthur Miller and told in the third person limited view. The play involves four main characters, Biff, Happy, Linda, and Willy Loman, an ordinary family trying to live the American Dream. Throughout the play however, the family begins to show that through their endeavors to live the American Dream, they are only hurting their selves. The play begins by hinting at Willy’s suicidal attempts as the play begins with Linda askingRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller Essay2538 Words   |  11 PagesSurname 1 McCain Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course: Date: Death of a Salesman Death of a salesman is a literature play written by American author Arthur Miller. The play was first published in the year 1949 and premiered on Broadway in the same year. Since then, it has had several performances. It has also received a lot of accordances and won numerous awards for its literature merit including the coveted Pulitzer for drama. The play is regarded by many critics as the perfectRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller2081 Words   |  9 Pages#1 â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller is a tragedy, this play has only two acts and does not include scenes in the acts. Instead of cutting from scene to scene, there is a description of how the lighting focuses on a different place or time-period, which from there, they continue on in a different setting. The play doesn’t go in chronological order. A lot of the play is present in Willy’s flashbacks or memories of events. This provides an explanation of why the characters are acting a certainRead MoreDeath Of Salesman By Arthur Miller1475 Words   |  6 Pagesto death to achieve their so- called American dream. They live alone and there is no love of parents and siblings. They may have not noticed the America dream costs them so much, which will cause a bigger regret later. In the play Death of Salesman, Arthur Miller brings a great story of a man who is at very older age and still works hard to achieve his desire, which is the American dream. Later, he no tices that his youth is gone and there is less energy in his body. Willy Loman is a salesman, whoRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1517 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller’s play titled â€Å"Death of a Salesman† offers a plethora of morals pertaining to the human condition. One moral, shown in Aesop’s fable â€Å"The Peacock and Juno†, pertains to that one should be content with that of which they are given, for one cannot be the best at everything. In Death of a Salesman there is, without a doubt, a paucity of content and happiness within the Loman family. But what does it mean to truly be content? Aesop’s fable â€Å"The Peacock and Juno†, as the name suggests,

The Insanity Of The German Nazi Leader Essay - 1259 Words

Allie Lawson Dawn Hagy Honors World History 7 December 2016 The Insanity of the German Nazi Leader During World War 2 the National Socialist German Workers Party, or Nazi, leader came into power and spread his ideology: his name was Adolf Hitler. At the time, there were so many people that praised him and what he stood for. On the other hand, the majority of the world saw the cruel things that he did to the Jewish people. Those people refer to his as insane because of the fact that he had no remorse for the actions that he was doing. He saw only one type of German people and he would not accept anything else. During and after Hilters reign psychologists, doctors, researchers, and others tried to figure out his mindset. They tried to justify how someone could be so cruel to people of his country when the people had done nothing wrong to him. The psychopathology of Adolf Hitler has sparked the interest of various amounts of people. His mental, physical, and emotional illnesses are contributing factors that drove him to be so inhumane. On April 20, 1889 the world welcomed an innocent child that would soon grow up to be the most feared man by the Jewish people. At a young age he showed intelligence and was fairly liked by most. Hitlers dad was supposedly physically and emotionally abusive towards him.(Koonz) His dad was not home often and he had many illegitimate children by various women. He would receive beatings from his father after he retired and was home more often. ItShow MoreRelatedFriedrich Nietzsche: One of the Greatest Thinkers of All Time1613 Words   |  7 Pagesto be published in many of his works during his career. When Nietzsche was five, his father died insane and the death of his two-year-old brother shortly followed. His fathers death has led many to speculate that the cause for Nietzsches future insanity was hereditary. Later on in life in 1864 he went and studied theology and philology at the University of Bonn. His main focus was on the study of classical texts and philosophers such as Socrates who he highly regarded. He went on to the UniversityRead MoreHitler in Power Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pagesto rule the world. The paper blamed Communists and Jews for all their problems and Hitler agreed with these views. He continued to live a poor life in Vienna. Although he lived in Vienna and was Austrian by birth, Hitler showed more loyalty to the German ethnicity. He believed that the Aryan race was destined to rule the world. His life in Munich was not much better then before and he was still poor. Then in 1914, World War I broke out and Hitler saw this as a great opportunity to show his loyaltyRead More Tales of a Strange Love in Dr. Strangelove Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesTales of a Strange Love in Dr. Strangelove   Dr. Strangelove , filmmaker Stanley Kubricks nuclear war satire, portrays Americas leaders as fumbling idiots and forces American viewers to question the ability of their government.   Dr. Strangeloves   cast explores the quirks and dysfunctional personality traits that a layperson would find far-fetched in a person of power.   The characters are diverse yet unified in their unfailing stupidity and naivete.   The films hysterical dialogue shedsRead MoreHitler Taking Control Of Germany. Thesis: Hitler Gained1543 Words   |  7 PagesHitler Taking Control of Germany Thesis: Hitler gained control of Germany by promoting German nationalism, and using inhuman forms of punishment to stop his opponents. Adolf Hitler is a name that, when you hear it, images of the Holocaust, gas chambers, the Nazi Party and World War II come to mind (Weaver). Nearly six million jews died between 1939-1945. But what was the holocaust? The holocaust took place between 1938 and 1945. It was the state-sponsored genocide of six million Jews, in additionRead MoreGovernmental Actions Based On Ideologies During The 1930s And 1950s1697 Words   |  7 Pages2010, the perspective is based on Nazi Germany and their actions. Propaganda is used endlessly during Hitler’s time of power and has become a necessity for the Nazis to success in their goals along with the creation of anti-semitic rules. Firstly, they use many different images that harms the Jews, but passes on the ideologies of what the Nazis believes in, conforming their own people to alienate what the government considers as a foe. 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Nazi Germany’s political and military ally in Europe was Italy. The Italians had been governed by a fascist regime under Benito Mussolini since 1925. The Italian fascism was the oldest of Nazism, Hitler himself acknowledged this. Even though all their similaritiesRead MoreThe Mentally Ill1679 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout history, human societies have had conflicting views on insanity and how it is defined in life. Primitive cultures found peace within shamans and witch doctors because they believed the insane were possessed by evil spirits. From then on, in Roman and Greek cultures, there was a somewhat progressive ideology that mental illness came from biological and emotional ailments. They believed in treating those with mental disorders humanely and respectfully which is an attitude that has beenRead MoreEssay on The History of Hitler and the Nazi Regime4399 Words   |  18 PagesThe History of Hitler and the Nazi Regime In the Second World War, a man named Adolph Hitler, the leader of the infamous Nazi regime, had a plethora of things on his mind. From guarding the stricken land of Poland against Soviet advancement, to making sure the western shores of the Atlantic Ocean in France were closely guarded, Hitler had much to worry about. Unfortunately, it was during Hitler’s reign when a most horrible atrocity took place. 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Project Management Implementation of E-Commerce within BHP STEEL

Question: Discuss about the Project Management for Implementation of E-Commerce within BHP STEEL. Answer: Introduction Project management is one of the important aspects that need to be planned and implemented well within any organization in order to gain sustainable outcomes in consideration with the goals and objectives of the organization. In contrast with this E-Commerce Implementation within BHP STEEL is considered in this report to be elaborated as one project management and implementation aspect (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). The areas that are being elaborated within this report include project objectives, project environment, risk assessment and important tools and techniques used in this project. Organizational Setting and Project Environment Organization culture and environment should be studied in order to plan the project development plan and to achieve successful results after the project completion. In this report the selected organization is Broken Hill Proprietary Limited which is the Australias largest steel manufacturing company (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). This is one of the subsidiaries that manufacture various type of steels and which helped them in grabbing their target markets. The organization has broad range of consumers all over the world, in spite of this, they have to deal with many corporate complexities that were reducing their effectiveness within the competitive market (Kerzner 2013). In contrast with their internal demands about their customer satisfaction as well as maintenance of organizational goals and objectives they decided to incorporate E-Commerce facility within their organization. This will benefits their corporate structure as well as their business perspectives (Burke 2013). They had implemented the Electronic Data Interchange policies in order to make their work structure more effective. There were 20,000 employees with billions of customers within BHP STEEL around the world. Therefore, it was mandatory to incorporate the E-Commerce activities within the organization in order to deal with their customers in better way (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). The project environment of the organization was demanding and effective for the implementation of the B2B E-Commerce Process. Objectives and importance of the project within BHP STEEL Definition of B2B E-Commerce Implementation Project The E-commerce is nothing but the process of buying and selling of products and goods over an electronic network. In addition to this, the organizations also can transmit their data with the help of internet in the process of E-Commerce. BHP STEEL is worlds largest steel manufacturer company that wanted to expand and flourish their business over broad range of market segment (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). They chose E-Commerce for flourishing their business and to be communicated with their customers as well as organizational members. The transactional process needed a network support within organization that will be providing them easy transferring medium for not only communication but also business transactions (Chan, C. and Swatman 1999). The organization wanted to implement the E-Commerce facilities within it. The concerned assumptions for this implementation were good enough to support their goals and objectives. Objectives of BHP STEEL in Implementing E-Commerce Following are the objectives behind implementing E-Commerce within the organization: To manage their worldwide expanded business To increase their competitive advantages To incorporate strategic movements for having a signature step towards improvement To assists new challenges that were being involved within the organization To incorporate the business benefits as the result of E-Commerce implementation To incorporate new trends in the sector of business improvisations The above mentioned facts needed to be incorporated within BHP STEEL. The business expansion was possible for the organization with respect to their business needs and developmental perspectives (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). With the help of the above mentioned achievements, the organization can easily expand their business process within their target market. This report is elaborating the implementation and improvement of the conventional business process. Improvised Objectives in Implementing E-Commerce BHP STEEL has implemented E-Commerce within their organization in order to achieve competitive advantage and to maintain their improvements (Burke 2013). In spite of these aspects, the organization missed out some facts that may be helpful in implementing E-Commerce in a better way. Therefore, in order to achieve these advantages BHP STEEL should incorporate the following objectives: To do the planning of electronic commerce initiatives To incorporate more specific strategies for developing electronic websites for their organization To manage the electronic commerce implementations To incorporate new advertising strategies for their products and services To establish a new set up for implementing strategic steps for E-Commerce applications BHP STEEL can implement these strategic objectives in order to incorporate advanced version of E-Commerce implementation. In contrast with their organizational demands and goals, these objectives would be helpful for their improvement (Schwalbe 2015). If these strategic objectives were achieved by the organization, their competitive advantages would be much higher than the present one. There was lack of concentration in the technical part of the implementation process. BHP STEEL does not focus enough in technical concepts of the E-Commerce implementation process; as a result, web site designing and other concepts like this were not so much compatible with the organizational goals and objectives (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Project Plan Discussion on the Project Plan of BHP STEEL This report is elaborating the project management concepts and descriptions about the implementation process of Business-to-Business E-Commerce within BHP STEEL. The organization has followed the conventional process of implementing E-Commerce (Doeden, Pugazhendhi and Digital River 2016). This conventional project planning shows the implementation of E-Commerce within BHP STEEL. At that time of implementation of E-Commerce, the main concern was centred into three areas: identification of the perfect literature for implementing E-Commerce, Developing and initial model for it and refining process of the model. In spite of these three considerations, the organization focused on the second part of these prospects: development of the initial process model for E-Commerce Implementation. In addition to the above mentioned phases, BHP STEEL focused on three separate stages for implementation of E-Commerce: Early Implementation, Electronic Trading gateway and Bar-Coding and Internet based E-Commerce (Chan and Swatman 1999). Early implementation This was the first stage to implement E-Commerce. This stage was taken into account in order to replace the manual system that was incorporated within BHP STEEL (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). This was started in 1989. The firsts designed system invented in this stage was the PC-Based purchasing system that has built-in EDI capabilities within it. Many negative aspects were replaced by this system. Electronic Trading Gateway After the first stage covered by BHP STEEL, they decided to control the electronic trading gateway (Chan and Swatman 1999). This was done to add value to the relationship of trade partners according to the electronic documentation and communication standards. Internet based E-Commerce This was the last stage that made the entire business process of BHP STEEL online. All the transactions were operated through internet. Project Stages Time Spans Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Early implementation Electronic Trading Gateway Internet based E-Commerce A Project Plan for Improving E-Commerce Implementation The project plan followed for BHP STEEL was not specific in consideration with the developmental aspect. They could have focused more in website designing (Wang, Li and Wang 2015). Web site designing is one of the most effective and important feature of the E-Commerce implementation. This not only increases the brand value but also attract the customer for its innovative features. Therefore, there must be some additional factors for website designing (Sudia 2013). First two stages should be there in the improvised project plan but in some detailed manner and there will be some additional factors in the third stage of the conventional project plan that will suggest the web site designing concept. Project Stages Time Spans Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 1.Early implementation 1.1 PC-Based purchasing system set up 1.2 Technical Knowledge development training program 1.3 Technological Innovation Development 2.Electronic Trading Gateway 2.1 Establishment of an external gateway 2.2 Implementation of EDI 3.Internet based E-Commerce 3.1 Online Transactions 3.2 Website designing 3.2.1 Planning 3.2.2 Project Creation and Resource Levelling 3.3.3 Design 3.3.3.1 Strategy Design 3.3.3.2 Home page design 3.3.3.3 Interior Page deign 3.3.3.4 Blog post and roll design 3.3.3.5 Cart and wish list facility The above table shows the project planning details for the E-Commerce Implementation (Abou-Shouk, Lim and Megicks 2016). The above elaborated stages of website designing can be implemented within the project plan of BHP STEEL. A website is one of most attractive feature that increases the competitive advantages of the any organization those are interested in online e- business activities (Poggi et al. 2014). Therefore, the following stages will be helpful in designing the web for perfect E-Commerce implementation within BHP STEEL: Planning, Project Creation and Resource Levelling, Design, Strategy Design, Home page design, Interior Page design, Blog post and roll design, Cart and wish list facility. Relevant Project Management Concepts, Tools, Techniques Demonstrating Knowledge and Understanding of Project Management within BHP STEEL Project for Improvisation Scheduling Resources and Costs Scheduling the resources and analysis of the cost involved within project plan is very important in order to check if there are any kind of crisis of these resources. This pre-determining stage will be helping BHP STEEL to arrange their resources before starting their project (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). The resource scheduling helps the project manager to arrange the products and services in order develop the E-Commerce implementation project within their organization. In contrast with this aspect, two Resource scheduling and cost analysis is provided in this part of the report. Scheduling of resources and cost analysis with respect to the organizational goals and objectives of BHP STEEL are being elaborated as follows, which will be providing the difference between the advanced project planning and conventional project planning for the implementation of E-Commerce within BHP STEEL: Conventional Scheduling of Resources and Cost Project Stages Time Spans Resource Name Cost Involved Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Early implementation Project Manager, Software designer $10,000 Electronic Trading Gateway Software designer, coding expert $20,000 Internet based E-Commerce Coding expert, Software developer $30,000 Improvised Scheduling of Resource and Cost Project Stages Time Spans Resource Name Cost Involved Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 1.Early implementation Project manager $5000 1.1 PC-Based purchasing system set up Software developer $2000 1.2 Technical Knowledge development training program Technicians, software developer $3000 1.3 Technological Innovation Development Project manager, Technical head $1000 2.Electronic Trading Gateway Project manager $5000 2.1 Establishment of an external gateway Project manager $2000 2.2 Implementation of EDI Project manager, Coding experts $1000 3.Internet based E-Commerce Technical head, Software developer $3000 3.1 Online Transactions Project manager $5000 3.2 Website designing Software developer $2000 3.2.1 Planning Project manager $3000 3.2.2 Project Creation and Resource Levelling Project manager, project administrator $5000 3.3.3 Design Software developer, coding expert $1000 3.3.3.1 Strategy Design Designer $3000 3.3.3.2 Home page design Designer, software developer $6000 3.3.3.3 Interior Page deign Software developer, coding expert $4000 3.3.3.4 Blog post and roll design Software developer, coding expert $2000 3.3.3.5 Cart and wish list facility Software developer, coding expert $5000 Management of Risks within B2B Implementation of E-Commerce Project within BHP STEEL Identified Risks Risk assessment is very important for any kind of project management measures. These risks are nothing but the factors or incidents that reduce the effectiveness of project development. Both the conventional and improvised E-Commerce implementation process involves almost same kind of risks within project (Clemons et al. 2013). These are classified as follows: Risks/ Identified Issues Descriptions Technical Issues Complexity: Different technologies have various complexity involved within it. These factor affects the successful implementation process of the project (lo Storto 2013). EDI is one of the complex systems and web site designing is also complex structure. Compatibility: Inter-organizational activities are considered in case of the E-Commerce implementation process (Monteiro, Swatman and Tavares 2013). Therefore, compatibility is one of the most effective issues within this consideration. Management Issues Management commitment and support: The commitment can be raised as the effective risk within BHP STEEL (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Resistance to change: Resistant to change is also one factor that is recognised as risk. Business Issues Business relationship: This aspect also harms the project implementation process. Cost involved: Cost effectiveness should be there in order to maintain effectiveness of the project implementation (Kerzner 2013). Mitigation of risks Mitigation of risks is an important part of risk management concept. These aspects will results into the successful completion of the project. Therefore, mitigation of risks also needs focus of the project manager. All the above mentioned risks should be mitigated in order to get good and optimal solution and successful results. Identified Risks Mitigation Policies Technical Issues Complexity Recruitment of high skilled technicians will be helpful in identifying the technical issues and also complexity can be reduced (Schwalbe 2015). Compatibility Best suitable platform for this project will be helpful in reducing the impact of compatibility. Management Issues Management commitment and support Management should take step to be more flexible with their employees (Leach 2014). Resistance to change: Employee training should be properly incorporated within BHP STEEL (Bhpbilliton.com 2016) Business Issues Business relationship Cost involved International business standards should be followed by the BHP STEEL Performance Management of B2B Implementation of E-Commerce Project within BHP STEEL The performance management of any kind of project involves few set of stages that specifies effectiveness of the project and its results. These stages are planning, monitoring, and strategy selection for project development, improvement scope analysis, and measurement of effectiveness (Marchewka 2014). In case of E-Commerce implementation process, within BHP STEEL must incorporate these stages in order to check their internal and external performance with respect to the concerned target market. Planning: The planning of the E-Commerce implementation should have to be done first in order to analyse the circumstances of the implementation process. Monitoring: The monitoring measure involves study of working principle for the project development (Turner 2016). This helps the project head and BHP STEEL to measure their effectiveness in implementing E-Commerce. Strategy selection for project development: In this case, website improvisation will be the best strategic decision for making the E-Commerce implementation more successful. Improvement scope analysis: In each stage of the project development, the improvement scope should be analysed (Anderson et al. 2013). Measurement of effectiveness: This stage should be repeated after every stage of the project development. Conclusion E-Commerce is transforming the business process into an electronic media based process of transaction. This involves transaction of goods and services as well as the electronic data. BHP STEEL has incorporated a new project implementing E-Commerce within their organization but this does not involves any specific improvisation standards. In this report, based on this earlier project on specific project management is done on the website designing for implementing E-Commerce within BHP STEEL. In contrast with these aspects, the entire new project has described in this report for improvisation of the implementation of E-Commerce within BHP STEEL. This report will be providing an outline of successful implementation of E-Commerce within BHP STEEL. In addition to this, the organization will be guided about the improvisation scopes and areas within their E-Commerce implementation plan. Overall, all the important aspects that are needed for successful implementation of E-Commerce has been di scussed within this report. References Abou-Shouk, M.A., Lim, W.M. and Megicks, P., 2016. 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Clemons, E.K., Jin, F., Wilson, J., Ren, F., Matt, C., Hess, T. and Koh, N., 2013, January. The role of trust in successful ecommerce websites in China: Field observations and experimental studies. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 4002-4011). IEEE. Doeden, A.H. and Pugazhendhi, S.V., Digital River, Inc., 2016.ECommerce distribution system failover system and method. U.S. Patent 9,311,197. Flanagin, A.J., Metzger, M.J., Pure, R., Markov, A. and Hartsell, E., 2014. Mitigating risk in ecommerce transactions: perceptions of information credibility and the role of user-generated ratings in product quality and purchase intention.Electronic Commerce Research,14(1), pp.1-23. Grefen, P., Pernici, B. and Snchez, G. eds., 2012.Database support for workflow management: the WIDE project(Vol. 491). Springer Science Business Media. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. lo Storto, C., 2013. Evaluating ecommerce websites cognitive efficiency: An integrative framework based on data envelopment analysis.Applied ergonomics,44(6), pp.1004-1014. Marchewka, J.T., 2014.Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Monteiro, J., Swatman, P.M. and Tavares, L.V. eds., 2013.Towards the Knowledge Society: ECommerce, EBusiness and EGovernment The Second IFIP Conference on E-Commerce, E-Business, E-Government (I3E 2002) October 79, 2002, Lisbon, Portugal(Vol. 105). Springer. Poggi, N., Carrera, D., Ayguad, E. and Torres, J., 2014, September. POSTER: Profit-aware cloud resource provisioner for ecommerce. In2014 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER)(pp. 274-275). IEEE. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Sudia, F.W., 2013.False Banking, Credit Card, and Ecommerce System. U.S. Patent Application 13/747,368. Turner, R., 2016.Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Wang, S., Li, P. and Wang, Y., 2015, June. How do IT Competence, Organizational Agility and Entrepreneurial Actions Coevolve: The Case of Entrepreneurial Etailers on Ecommerce Platforms. InThe Fourteenth Wuhan International Conference on E-business.

Strategic HRM Technique

Question: Discuss about the Strategic HRM Technique. Answer: Introduction The main role of the human resource management team is to suggest the management team how to strategically manage the individuals as part of the business resources. The role of the human resource management is to successfully implement an international business strategy in a global organization. The human resource management helps the business to enhance the competitive advantage which in turn helps in increasing the capability of the company (Bratton and Gold 2012). This assignment deals with strategic HRM technique while dealing with international business. Role of International Human Resource Management (IHRM): The main role of the IHRM is to enhance the effectiveness of an employee in order to achieve the goal of the organization in international sector. The IHRM laid diverse importance on organization training to deal varied employees (Stahl et al. 2012). Issues: Cross Cultural Management WM Data and Ericsson is a Swedish Multinational Company that faced the cross-cultural problem related to HRM when it started operating in India. One of the major issues that was faced by the company was the misunderstanding related to communication. The managers of both Sweden and India faced a communication gap and this was mainly because the Indian managers possessed a good communication skill in English. However, the Swedish managers were not good in their English communication skills. This in turn led to numerous misunderstanding between the managers (Maki 2016). Expatriate Management Policy and Staffing Policy Another example is the UAE Expatriate Management Policy in HRM. The HRM policy that is faced in UAE is mainly the expatriate management policy. However, the HR managers may find it difficult to get the expatriates from other countries. On the one hand, the government in UAE allows expatriate management policies that need expatriate workers in top ranking positions. However, on the other hand the expatriate management policy of a firm in the UAE requires the hiring of the local employees in order to ensure that the guideline of the country is satisfied (Afiouni et al. 2014). UAE mainly follows the polycentric staffing policy; however the concluding choice depends on the precise choice of the organization at the time of the completion of the staffing policy approach. Strategies to overcome the problem The strategies to overcome the cross cultural problems are as follows: 1. In order to overcome the cross cultural differences, it is very important to provide Cross cultural training and development training on cross-culture to the employees. 2. The second strategy is to involve the diversity policy that is to manage the cultural diversity. The diversity policies will help to ignore the cultural differences as well as manage the cultural differences. Conclusion It can thus be concluded that the culture has a strong influence on the behavior of the employees and also their attitudes. The human resource management helps the business to enhance the competitive advantage which in turn helps in increasing the capability of the company. References Afiouni, F., Rul, H. and Schuler, R., 2014. HRM in the Middle East: toward a greater understanding.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(2), pp.133-143. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan - https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=qNocBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Human+resource+mansgmentots=0orZst9v2osig=JAi5i_7s7TZvxr1VfU1X-YtV3rY#v=onepageq=Human%20resource%20mansgmentf=false Maki, D. (2016). Human Resource management. [online] Available at: https://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1552/2008/009/LTU-DUPP-08009-SE.pdf [Accessed 9 Jul. 2016]. Stahl, G.K., Bjrkman, I. and Morris, S. eds., 2012.Handbook of research in international human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing.

According to Freud, sexual desire is the drive behind everything. Death in Venice by Thomas Mann and The Moon and Sixpence by W. Somerset Maugham are no exceptions; both stories are fueled with it.

According to Freud, sexual desire is the drive behind everything. Death in Venice by Thomas Mann and The Moon and Sixpence by W. Somerset Maugham are no exceptions; both stories are fueled with it. Depression in Sexual RepressionAccording to Freud, sexual desire is the drive behind everything. "Death in Venice" by Thomas Mann and The Moon and Sixpence by W. Somerset Maugham are no exceptions; both stories are fueled with it. Aschenbach and Strickland spend the majority of their lives repressed. Aschenbach's life is based on strict schedules and discipline. Strickland lives a life in a society he doesn't enjoy. When they go against society and dip into their desires, they both become consumed by them. Restrained passion can lead to discord, as is the case in both of these protagonists.From childhood, Aschenbach in "Death in Venice" bases every action and thought on self-discipline and reason. Aschenbach bases his artistic talent on perfectionism and self-discipline. The first page of the novella describes him at work: "He was overwrought by a morning of hard, nerve-taxing work, which had not ceased to exact his uttermost in the way of sustained concentration, conscientiousness, and tact" (Mann 3) In Aschenbach's mind, excessive passion would impede his pursuit of excellence.The Moon and SixpenceA sex life would interfere with his art, so he is without one. He attributes every part of his success to his discipline and lack of sexuality: "Yes, one might put it that his whole career had been one conscious and overweening ascent to honor, which left in the rear all the misgivings or self-derogation which might have hampered him" (Mann 12). Aschenbach throws his discipline as well as his pursuit of excellence out the window on his trip to Venice. The man who begins with faultless discipline and restraint joins a class of people that he was previously disgusted by.Strickland in The Moon and Sixpence has a beginning that mirrors that of Aschenbach. He leads a normal life with a wife that is respected by...

Rice Essays - Rice, Oryza Sativa, Paddy Field, Glutinous Rice

Rice Essays - Rice, Oryza Sativa, Paddy Field, Glutinous Rice Rice Rice is the main food for about one-third to one-half of the world's population. A mature rice plant is usually two to six feet tall. In the beginning, one shoot appears. It is followed by one, two, or more offshoots developing. There are at least five or six hollow joints for each stalk, and a leaf for each joint. The leaf of the rice plant is long, pointed, flat, and stiff. The highest join of the rice plant is called the panicle. The rice grains develop from the panicles. (Jodon, 300) Rice is classified in the grass family Gramineae. Its genus is Oryza and species O. sativa. It is commonly cultivated for food in Asia. Some varieties of rice include red rice, glutinous rice, and wild rice. (Jodon, 303) The kernel within the grain contains most of the vitamins and minerals (298). The kernel contains thiamine, niacin, and riboflavin (299). Rice has many enemies that destroy a majority of the rice crops. The larvae of moth, stem borers, live in the stems of the rice plants. Some insects suck the plant juices or chew the leaves. Birds, such as bobolink, Java sparrow, or paddybird, would eat the seeds or grains. Disease causing factors such as fungi, roundworms, viruses, and bacteria also destroy the rice plants. Blast disease is caused by fungi which causes the panicles containing the grains to break. (Jodon, 300) There are various types of rice grown all over the world. A majority of rice grown is cultivated rice. When rice is grown with water standing on the fields, it is called lowland, wet, or irrigated rice. Rice plants grown in certain parts of Asia, South America, and Africa are called upland, hill, or dry rice because they are raised on elevated lands that cannot be flooded, but with plentiful rainfall. Wild rice is grown along lake shores of Canada and the Great Lakes. It is usually eaten by people in India. Scented rice is the most expensive because is has long grains and tastes like popcorn when cooked. Glutinous rice is waxy rice consumed by Asians. It is cooked to a sticky paste and is used for cakes and confections. (Jodon, 299) Rice was thought to have originated in southeast Asia when Alexander the Great invaded India in 326 B. C(Jodon, 303). Further research revealed that rice was cultivated around or at the Yangtze River in China, around 4000 to 11,500 years ago. One archaeologist, Toyama, surveyed data on 125 samples of rice grains, plant remains, husks, and other factors from numerous sites along the length of the Yangtze River. He reported that the oldest samples. . . are clustered along the middle Yangtze in Hubei and Hunan provinces. Samples from the upper and lower portions of the Yangtze River were found to be younger, around 4,000 to 10,000 years old. This pattern. . .suggests that rice cultivation originated in the middle Yangtze and spread from there. Archaeologists see more than a decade of excavation of the Yangtze River and nearby sites to confirm that the Yangtze River is where rice was first cultivated. (Normille, 309) The Greeks learned of rice when Alexander the Great invaded India around 326 B. C. Spain was introduced to rice when it was conquered by the Moors during the 700's A.D. Spain then introduced rice to Italy, around the 1400's. The Spanish also introduced rice to the West Indies and South America, around the 1600's. Rice was introduced to the United States when a Madagascar ship docked in the Charleston, South Carolina harbor. The ship captain presented the governor with a sack of seed rice. It was then grown in states south of the Ohio River and east of Mississippi. (Jodon, 303) Rice is usually grown in lowland fields divided by dirt walls (Jodon, 300) A majority of the rice crops are grown with water standing on the fields (Jodon, 299). On level land, these paddies and dirt walls are built in wavy or straight lines. On hill-like land, they follow the slopes and form paddies that rise like steps. The dirt walls are used to hold in water for the fields. (300) Cultivation of the rice plant requires controlling the water supply and weeding the

Science, math and engineering lead to professions that address global Essay

Science, math and engineering lead to professions that address global challenges. What are your long term professional and academic goals How will you make an impact - Essay Example demand for new devices has increased due to several factors such as changing scenario of medical diagnosis and treatment, in-depth understanding of existing diseases, concerns regarding safety of patients and various other competitive demands that have called for more flexible and easy-to-use devices. Medical devices include those which are directly used by patients such as spectacles, wheelchairs and hearing aids and those which are used extensively by physicians to aid in diagnosis and treatment such magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, arthroscopy, angioplasty, laser technology, dialysis equipment, total body scanners and the heart-lung machine. Devices such as artificial joints, heart pacemaker and bioengineered skin have been used to replace or substitute major body organs and thus enabled people to lead normal lives. In addition to these already available devices, I believe that newer technological advancements in biosensors, nanotechnology and robotics offer exiting prospects for the development of more specific and patient-friendly medical devices. I believe that development of Nano robots will help us understand bodily functions more precisely and also help in treating many diseases. These have the potential to cure deadly diseases such as cancer which require specific target mechanisms that would destroy the cancer cells while sparing the surrounding healthy cells. They will also find wider application as drug delivery systems by which the release of medications can be regulated. Their potential use in other areas of medical treatment such as gene therapy, repair of bones, imaging, surgery, medical monitoring and prenatal diagnosis are also been constantly explored. Another exiting new development that promises to offer exciting prospects is automated medical device manufacturing such as 3D- printing in which layers of tissue can be built with the help of automated machines. Several researchers have made use of this technology for the

Recent developments in the UK housing market Essay

Recent developments in the UK housing market - Essay Example In general house prices must behave in a similar manner as that of inflation rates prevailing in an economy. However, if we consider the recent boom in housing prices in the UK since the year 1998, it can be observed that the housing prices behaved in an opposite direction to that of the general inflation rate of the UK’s economy. It implies that there has been a significant rise in the overall house prices of UK since 1998 but the general inflation was on the lower side and did not rise that significantly as compared to the house prices. Next, if we look at the relation between the house prices and income of the households in the UK it can be observed that the house prices increased at a greater rate than the income of the households during the period of the recent housing boom. If we look at the current affordability of the houses in the UK it can conclude that the house properties are less affordable because of the high house price to income ratio at present. It implies that the UK households do not have enough income to be able to buy houses which are of high prices. Moreover, the house prices are directly linked to the changes in income levels of households because most of the houses are bought through mortgage services offered by financial institutions. Hence it is very unlikely to get loans to buy houses with lower income levels. This is how the house properties became less affordable for people who were having a comparatively lesser rise in income levels as compared to the rise in house prices in the UK. ... implies that there has been a significant rise in the overall house prices of UK since 1998 but the general inflation was on the lower side and did not rise that significantly as compared to the house prices. It means that although the house prices rose significantly the prices of other goods and services did not rise that much. Next if we look at the relation between the house prices and income of the households in UK it can be observed that the house prices increased at a greater rate than the income of the households during the period of recent housing boom. If we look at the current affordability of the houses in UK it can concluded that the house properties are less affordable because of the high house price to income ratio at present. It implies that the UK households do not have enough income to be able to buy houses which are of high prices. Moreover the house prices are directly linked with the changes in income levels of households because most of the houses are bought thro ugh mortgage services offered by financial institutions. Hence it is very unlikely to get loans to buy houses with lower income levels. This is how the house properties became less affordable for people who were having comparatively lesser rise in income levels as compared to the rise in house prices in UK. Answer 3 There has been a significant rise in the demand of houses in UK during the period of 1998 to 2007. There are various factors which led to this increase in housing demand like increase in disposable income, lower interest rates, and increased availability of mortgage finance. The wages have increased at a faster rate than inflation from 1998 to 2007. Now since the households have the tendency to spend a certain proportion of their income levels on housing, the demand for housing

External and Internal Environments Research Paper - 5

External and Internal Environments - Research Paper Example The issues related to this segment include obesity and health concerns and product quality concerns, including concerns related to the ingredients of the beverages (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2013). Another segment is the global segment, as the company operates globally, and is planning to expand its operations in developing and emerging markets. The company might fail its global growth strategy because of adverse economic and political conditions, different cultural attributes, limited purchasing power or inability to acquire local bottling companies (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2013). In the soft drink industry, fierce rivalry between dominant producers Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co and the threat of substitution are strong, while the threat of entry, the bargaining power of buyers and the power of suppliers are more benign. The Coca-Cola Company is facing fierce industry competition, and in order to keep its competitive advantage, the company has created and implemented integrated marketing programs, aimed to increase consumers’ awareness and raise appeal for the Coca-Cola’s brands (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2012). Moreover, in order to raise customer preference for Coca-Cola’s brands, the company has been undertaking some joint brand-building initiatives with the customers (Coca-Cola Annual Report 2012). As the threat of substitution is high in the soft drink industry as the popularity of tea, coffee and other non-alcoholic beverages is growing, the Coca-Cola has also diversified its brand portfolio with new products, substitutes for soft drinks, such as bottled waters (Dasani, Ciel), sport drinks (Powerrade), juices (Simply Orange, Del Valle), vitamin water and smartwater (Glacà ©au), tea (Fuze tea, organic bottled tea Honest Tea), etc. (Coca-Cola Company, n.d.). With the same two forces in mind, high industry rivalry and threat of substitution, it is possible to suggest that the Coca-Cola Company might introduce coffee drinks and more healthy (sugar

Film Proposal Essay

Film Proposal Essay FILM PROPOSAL CAMINO Camino is a documentary about the life-changing journey to Santiago de Compostela in north-west Spain. It is a 500-miles walk   and it usually takes between 30 and 40 days. Thousands of people are doing this trip because they are searching for the answers about themselves:   about their loves, jobs or   the meaning of their existence. The main character is a young man who choose to travel alone from   France to Santiago, which is the most popular and busiest Camino route, in searching of the purpose of his life. The film will provide the audience a knowledge about the pilgrim route and why it is also called The Spiritual Walk. The screenplay is organized into 3-act structure. The first one is The Set Up where we will see the main character who is engaged to his lovely girlfriend but he just received an offer for a better paid job in the big city. He needs to stay alone for a while, somewhere out of the reality,   to rearrange   his priorities because the life he lived by now makes him feel miserable. One day he sees a group of tourists waiting next to the bus stop. They look very interesting to him and somehow very familiar to something he have already seen. After a short conversation with them he decides to fallow the group without telling any of his relatives and not even his fiancà ©e   about this. Then we see the main character on the airport waiting on the check-in desk for the flight to France. The second act , called The Conflict, starts with the plain which is landing in France. There he continue the journey alone. He will meet a lot of people from different cultures with different stories and all of their personal stories and advices will help him to find his answers. The first thing he sees in France is a homeless dog. The dog will follow him to Santiago where is the end of the Camino walk.   The main character knows everything he needs to know about Camino ( from the tourists ) and the only rule he has to fallow is to keep walking. He is very interested to see what kind of people are travelling through these routes and how they spend their holidays. He will be in danger and the dog will help him. The dog will meet a female dog but it will stay with the main character. Some of the remarkable icons on the Camino route will appear on the background so this will be the part of the documentary which will make the story more reliable. At   third and the final act , The Resolution, the main character still do not know the answer of his question and he feels disappointed of himself but just before he get into the airport he sees the dog. The only creature that stayed with him during the whole   journey. Then he realises that the answer was in front of him during all this time. He leaves the dog in Santiago but when he goes back at home , he stays with his girl because the meaning of the life is to find the other half and if you do not like the life we live , just change it. Make it the way you want it to be. As I already said the main character is a young man who is engaged to the love of his life. He lives in a small town where the time stopped ages ago and the life there doesnt suit his personality. He is courageous, a bit egotistical, a risk-taker, energetic,   gregarious, very intelligent and also a very good listener but now he is on that period of his life when he is very stressed and confused with his thoughts and feelings. He combines all of the characteristics needed to be on this trip. He represents the people there. They are not crazy or idiots, they are just confused and they do something to reach the happiness. The documentary will be black and white 2D animation. It is suitable for group of two or three. When it comes to the sound, the whole group will take the decision who will work on it : we as a filmmakers or we will meet students from the Music Department. Ive made the character design and a rough version of the story board but I would like to discuss every aspect of the project with the group as they will be part of the project as well. I have made some backgrounds so the other part of the group will have a clear idea of how the visual design looks like. For this project I was inspired by a web site, which   I incidentally found on Internet. It is about peoples experience in Spain during their Camino walk. My documentary is about a personal story and how a man is struggling with his emotions and feelings.   My film is will be combination of different stories and in purpose   to attract the audience   so that they will see what could happen on this trip and why   its worth it. Internet is full of stories and tips good to know if you decide to go on this trip. I read a lot of articles and I watched films and personal video clips related to the matter of the documentary.   They perfectly represents the idea of the walk. As the film is target to a selected audience ( adults) the film will contains dynamic actions, personal stories, a love story, friendship. The story itself represents the meaning of the Camino de Santiago route. Bibliography: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-2159915/Walk-lifetime-Why-epic-Camino-trail-Spain-route-true-happiness.htmlhttp://hostelgeeks.com/3-travel-stories-from-the-famous-camino-de-santiago/ Camino de Santiago Camino de Santiago http://www.theroadtosantiago.com/camino-stories.html Filmography: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1441912/

Personal Narrative Essay - The Ski Trip :: Personal Narrative Essays

The Ski Trip Standing in awe, cold air permeated through my hair. The smell of fresh and minty pine scent complimented the beautiful vantage of the wilderness. With my boots wedged in the snow, a shiver took over my body. This is was a place of peacefulness and tranquility. Never before had I been so close with nature. Facing the north was the vast forest. To the left and right, only the crystal white snow was visible. While looking up, I caught a glimpse of the old ski lift, the solo apparatus which was my passport to this great adventure. All that could be heard was the sweet chirping of birds nestled upon tree branches. "This is indeed a moment to remember." I thought to myself. Being that close to nature could put anyone in a state of nirvana. As I stood admiring the clear blue sky and the world around me, I was interrupted by my friends' constant taunting, "Come on, let's go!" They were not rookies. They had experienced the sport of skiing and the atmosphere around it and were not as enthusiastic toward the surroundings as I was. Their calls became louder, with annoyance. I stepped up to the edge of a great slope. The steepness of this colossal block of snow I stood upon, was frightening. The only was to go was down. I took a deep breath with no worries, for this was not the first time I was confronted with a suicide mission. In a heartbeat, the exhilarating feeling of going downhill on a pair of thin skis took over.

Advocacy and the Mentally Ill

When needed medical treatment Is not made available, those ho suffer often end up homeless, and frequently cycle In, and out of the Judicial system because their behavior is mistaken as criminal instead of as a mental illness that can be treated given proper services are provided. Traditional Advocacy Services Advocating services for the mentally ill most often involve raising awareness by influencing legislation to make policy changes through educating the public about the facts of mental illness and rebuffing common stereotypes and negative views often associated with mental illness.The effort is typically centered on changing rent and ineffective policies so proper treatment and equal opportunities can be provided to those who suffer. Putting pressure on policy-makers for increased support, â€Å"denouncing stigma and discrimination, and fighting for improved services† (World Health Organization, 2003, p. 3) are common services for advocating for the mentally ill. Barriers to Service Delivery Numerous barriers exist that continue to affect delivery of needed services for the mentally ill.Many of those barriers relate to lack of available mental health services, or the inability to pay because of rising out of pocket expenses. Quite often there Is no link made between mental health and physical health. Mental health is not regarded with the same importance as physical health which often results in misdiagnosis or lack of any diagnosis. Stigma attached to mental illness affects service delivery by causing exclusion and lack of adequate mental health policy implementation.Although some of these barriers are now easier to overcome than decades past, they still exist today requiring Increased advocacy efforts toward education and awareness In effort to change the perceptions of society on mental Illness. Advocacy Services Available There are numerous advocacy services available ranging from services that advocate for the same basic rights those who do not suffer from mental illness receive. For example, Advocates Inc. Was founded in 1995 to assist the mentally ill homeless secure housing by offering legal advice and assistance as well as clinical referrals, and finding benefit entitlements (Advocates, Inc. N. D. ). Active Minds is an organization devoted to stamping out societal stigmas attached to mental illness, as well as nurturing and inspiring future â€Å"generations of mental health advocates† (Active Minds, 2013). Lastly, and possibly the largest and most well- known advocacy organizations is the National Alliance on Mental Illness, otherwise known as NAME, which offers a number of advocacy services including addiction treatment, services that fight against budget cuts that put tremendous strain on providing proper mental health services, as well as unemployment services Just to name a few (NAME, 2014).Emerging Social Issues Preventing Service Delivery Some of the major emerging social issues preventing service deliver y to those offering from mental illness relate to factors in the workplace which prevent promotion, and workplace issues that have a large impact on the mental health of the employee's within. Companies are beginning to be forced to take a harder look at the workplace environment and how it affects mental health. Steps are slowly integrated to focus on â€Å"promoting good mental health† (Harness & Gabriel, 2000, p. ) in the workplace and new policies are created requiring employers to accept responsibility for a workplace environment which may have a negative effect on an employee's mental health. Integrating new policies that require employers to treat someone suffering from mental illness the same way they treat someone suffering with physical illness has not come easily. A history of overlooking mental illness, or mistaking it for what has often been called â€Å"stress† in the workplace makes the process of helping to change the past negative thoughts often associ ated with mental illness a slow process.In essence, these new policies are requiring organizations to change the way think, which is not always easy given decades of false and misleading information about mental illness. Evolution of Advocacy Advocacy had evolved into its own specialized field Just like medicine and politics, for example. It has gone from centuries past when someone first made the decision that someone needed assistance that person should have been getting but was not, so an idea was put into action to help that person get that assistance. Whatever that need may have been, or that idea or the century may never be known.Maybe a neighbor noticed that his or her widowed neighbor was only able to provide a meal for her children Just a couple times a week. So it was decided that if business owners were asked to offer up one five cents a week, that widow would be able to feed her children daily. This may be a long example; nevertheless, it could possibly be the first Huma n Services effort at advocacy. Today, it has expanded to a relentless effort for equal rights for members of society who may have physical or mental disadvantages and thereby labeled â€Å"different by society for centuries.Because of this labeling, the opportunities and rights of these individuals have been â€Å"different,† unequal, and unfair. These indifference's have become normal and almost unrealized to members of society who are unaffected. Of the few who are unaffected, but do realize these rights that are withheld from certain individuals, we helping themselves possess the same opportunities, and quality of life that anyone else it entitled too. As long as there is a person who does not have access to anything in life that someone else has, but should, advocacy will continue to evolve and change lives.

Free Essays on Deviant Behavior

, people’s behaviors must be viewed from the framework of the culture in which they take place. To be considered deviant, a person may not even have to do anything. Just the way a person or people are can make them deviant. Sociologists use the term stigma to refer to certain attributes that describe people. These attributes include violations of the norms of ability (blindness, deafness, and mental handicaps) and the norms of appearance (a facial birthmark, obesity). They also include involuntary membership in some groups, such as being a certain race or having a peculiar accent. The stigma becomes a person’s master status, defining him or her as deviant. For my deviant behavior project I focused very closely on the irrelevance of the action and the importance of the reaction. The experiment itself was very quick, but through the aid of a handheld video camera I was able to closely scrutinize every aspect over and over. For the first part of my experiment we went to a very busy restaurant at the base of a local ski resort. Once inside and comfortably situated, I had my subject, a friend of mine who graciously volunteered, calmly stand on a chair and scream quite loudly. The reactions were not quite as we had hoped for. A large majority of the room seemed to dismiss the whole thing right away. Interestingly the only people who did seem to take notice were all in the same group. The best explanation of this would be the need to try to conform to the group. The scream itself was quite loud enough for everyone in the room to... Free Essays on Deviant Behavior Free Essays on Deviant Behavior Deviant Behavior Sociologists use the term deviance to refer to any violation of norms- whether the infraction is a minor as shouting, or as serious as murder. This deceptively simple definition takes us to the heart of the sociological perspective of deviance, which sociologist Howard S. Becker identified this way: it is not the act itself, but the reactions to the act, that make something deviant. In other words, people’s behaviors must be viewed from the framework of the culture in which they take place. To be considered deviant, a person may not even have to do anything. Just the way a person or people are can make them deviant. Sociologists use the term stigma to refer to certain attributes that describe people. These attributes include violations of the norms of ability (blindness, deafness, and mental handicaps) and the norms of appearance (a facial birthmark, obesity). They also include involuntary membership in some groups, such as being a certain race or having a pec uliar accent. The stigma becomes a person’s master status, defining him or her as deviant. For my deviant behavior project I focused very closely on the irrelevance of the action and the importance of the reaction. The experiment itself was very quick, but through the aid of a handheld video camera I was able to closely scrutinize every aspect over and over. For the first part of my experiment we went to a very busy restaurant at the base of a local ski resort. Once inside and comfortably situated, I had my subject, a friend of mine who graciously volunteered, calmly stand on a chair and scream quite loudly. The reactions were not quite as we had hoped for. A large majority of the room seemed to dismiss the whole thing right away. Interestingly the only people who did seem to take notice were all in the same group. The best explanation of this would be the need to try to conform to the group. The scream itself was quite loud enough for everyone in the room to... Free Essays on Deviant Behavior 1. Describe an experiment, which influenced your thinking about alcoholism. I found the experiment presented for â€Å"matching† intrigued me the most. This commonsense idea resides on the principal of pairing drinkers with the program best suited to them. McLachlan (1974) presented a study that correlated drinkers performance at follow up to be affected by the style of treatment and the treatment they received. The matches or mismatches were occurring naturally, no intension to match clients with therapists was done. The experiment consisted of 94% of alcoholics that received treatment. They were extensively interviewed twelve to sixteen months after completion of the program. A four point Conceptual Level was assessed. 1. Poorly socialized, egocentric, impulsive, cognitively simple 2. Dependant and compliant 3. Independent, questioning, self-assertive 4. Interdependent, empathetic, and cognitively complex The therapists were assessed in the same fashion. Follow up treatment was also rated- high or low in structure. It was noted on the amount of contact and counseling completed after treatment ceased. An analysis of this data showed how recovery rates were correlated to matching or mismatching of drinkers Conceptual Level to the therapists Conceptual Level as well as the structuredness of the aftercare. Drinker and therapist matched 70% Drinker and therapist mismatched 50% Drinker and setting matched 71% Drinker and setting mismatched 49% Drinker, therapist, and setting matched 77% Drinker, therapist, and setting mismatched 38% The data was statistically significant, showing â€Å"matching† increases recovery rates. The data presented in this experiment increased my belief for Fingarette’s need to fully appreciate the heavy drinker as an individual. By understanding the background and lifestyle of the drinker we are able to better treat them. I believe we can increase the success rate by improvi...

Free Essays on Tobacco Marketing

Young People: A Key Expansion Market The tobacco industry loses close to 5,000 customers every day in the US alone- including 3,500 who manage to quit and about 1,200 who die. The most promising â€Å"replacement smokers† are young people: 90% of smokers begin before they’re 21, and 60% before they’re 14! To find their new customers, every day US tobacco companies spend $11 million to advertise and promote cigarettes- more than the US Federal Office on Smoking and Health spends to prevent smoking in an entire year. US Youth: â€Å"Cool† Customers In the US, cigarette advertising links smoking with being â€Å"cool†, taking risks, and growing up. At the same time, the tobacco industry insists that it does not want children to smoke- and backs up its claims with campaigns supposedly designed to discourage young people from smoking. However, programs like â€Å"Tobacco: Helping Youth Say No† are not only slick public relations efforts designed to bolster industry credibility, they actually encourage youth tobacco use. By leaving out the health dangers, ignoring addiction, and glamorizing smoking as an â€Å"adult custom,† these campaigns reinforce the industry’s advertising theme presenting smoking as a way for children to exert independence and be grown up. International â€Å"Passport to Prosperity† Outside the US, central messages are wealth, health, and consumption- in short, â€Å"USA.† According to Kenyan physician Paul Wangai, â€Å"Many African children have two hopes. One is to go to heaven, the other to America. US tobacco companies capitalize on this by associating smoking with affluence. It’s not uncommon to hear children say they start because of the glamorous life-style associated with smoking.† In emerging markets from Eastern Europe to Southeast Asia, transnational tobacco giants Philip Morris, RJR Nabisco, and B.A.T. Industries aggressively hawk cigarettes with slogans like; â€Å"L & M: The Way ... Free Essays on Tobacco Marketing Free Essays on Tobacco Marketing Young People: A Key Expansion Market The tobacco industry loses close to 5,000 customers every day in the US alone- including 3,500 who manage to quit and about 1,200 who die. The most promising â€Å"replacement smokers† are young people: 90% of smokers begin before they’re 21, and 60% before they’re 14! To find their new customers, every day US tobacco companies spend $11 million to advertise and promote cigarettes- more than the US Federal Office on Smoking and Health spends to prevent smoking in an entire year. US Youth: â€Å"Cool† Customers In the US, cigarette advertising links smoking with being â€Å"cool†, taking risks, and growing up. At the same time, the tobacco industry insists that it does not want children to smoke- and backs up its claims with campaigns supposedly designed to discourage young people from smoking. However, programs like â€Å"Tobacco: Helping Youth Say No† are not only slick public relations efforts designed to bolster industry credibility, they actually encourage youth tobacco use. By leaving out the health dangers, ignoring addiction, and glamorizing smoking as an â€Å"adult custom,† these campaigns reinforce the industry’s advertising theme presenting smoking as a way for children to exert independence and be grown up. International â€Å"Passport to Prosperity† Outside the US, central messages are wealth, health, and consumption- in short, â€Å"USA.† According to Kenyan physician Paul Wangai, â€Å"Many African children have two hopes. One is to go to heaven, the other to America. US tobacco companies capitalize on this by associating smoking with affluence. It’s not uncommon to hear children say they start because of the glamorous life-style associated with smoking.† In emerging markets from Eastern Europe to Southeast Asia, transnational tobacco giants Philip Morris, RJR Nabisco, and B.A.T. Industries aggressively hawk cigarettes with slogans like; â€Å"L & M: The Way ...

The Ruthlessness in King Harald's Saga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Ruthlessness in King Harald's Saga - Essay Example Indeed, it would be easiest to show Harold’s ruthlessness and cruelty towards those whom he fought and conquered, as his Viking blood would often boil and he could not resist killing and maiming those whom he beat in battle. But King Harold’s true ruthlessness and inhumanity showed through in his treatment of his own subjects who did not do exactly as he wanted, his unending desire to plunder and terrorize neighboring kingdoms (like that of the Danes to his south), and continuing efforts to own to expand his ruling empire to lands far from his native Norway. King Harold of Norway served as a transitionary figure, wedged between a barbaric Europe which crawled out of the early Middle Ages--filled with Viking plundering and horrific feats of violence against the people of mainland Europe and what is now Great Britain--into a new era away from the senseless and violent plundering of the Nordic tribes into a honor and land-based fealty hierarchy of rule. King Harold would u ltimately meet his doom on the battlefield in his final quest to expand his empire. The last of the feared Scandinavian kings of northern Europe (Sturluson 2005, 9), Harold’s rule was pockmarked by raids against Denmark, iron-fisted rule and intimidation by fear of his own people of Norway, and the attempted expansion of his empire into Britain (Sturuson 2005, 9). Harold was brutal to his enemies and dealt ruthlessly with any opposition to him. His inhumanity to his people was even glorified in poem. In the words of the poet Thjodolf (Sturuson 2005, 161): Resourceful King Harold Punishes pride in his subjects; The king’s guilty men Pay a heavy penalty. The punishment they get Is earned by their misdeeds; Each man gets his due deserts; Harold dispenses justice. Like most rulers of the time, Harold was very generous to those whom he saw as his friends or allies, but ruled his subjects with an iron fist. When King Magnus of Denmark died, Harold had his eye trained on subj ugating all of Denmark to Norwegian rule-- his rule. His actions toward the Danish people best illustrates the ruthlessness that King Harold had in his heart when he wanted to subjugate a people to his rule. As he took his Norwegian army southward into Denmark, raiding and plundering all that he could take, and stealing the wealth of the Danes to take back to Norway with him, without even subjugating Denmark. He continued to plunder Denmark each summer thereafter, in order to terrorize the people of Denmark and to establish his dominance over them (Sturluson 2005, 81). Harold killed hundreds, and the corpses piled upon each other and the Danes trembled each year in anticipation of his plundering and brutality he brought to the people. Of course, there were battles against other Kings of other lands. King Svein of Denmark was constantly at battle with Harold of Norway. But how Harold treated his subjects is more interesting to the causal historian such as this writer. Of course, all rulers were inhumane towards their

Protectionism, Gains from Trade, and Trade Balance Deficits and Essay

Protectionism, Gains from Trade, and Trade Balance Deficits and Surpluses - Essay Example Explanations of concepts: Protectionism, an economic policy, aims at restricting trade between nations. The economic instruments used in this policy are imposition of tariffs, imposition of quota, and many other fiscal measures. Free trade is the opposite of the concept of protectionist policy. It is the openness of the countries in order to achieve gains from trade through mobility of goods and services between nations (Mankiw, 387-411). There are two components of trades, one is export, and the other is the import. There are several gains that a nation can achieve from trade. In terms of economics these gains are measured in terms of the real wage and the relative prices of goods and services being traded. Real wage is measured in terms of the amounts of goods that a worker can purchase. The relative price is the domestic price of a good and service being traded as a ratio of the foreign price of the same good or service. An increase in the real wage and a decrease in the relative price indicate that the gains from trade have been achieved. Trade between two nations contributes to the growth of GDP and GDP rate. In order to measure the contribution of trade components in the GDP, every economy maintains a trade balance accounting of its exports and imports. Whenever the volume of exports appears (measured in terms of money value) to be greater (smaller) than the volume of imports (measured in terms of money value), then there occurs a surplus (deficit) in the trade balance. When they are same, trade remains balanced. But the concept of balanced trade is used as an accounting sense; in practical it is very difficult to achieve balanced trade for any country. Tax Cut and fiscal policy: In 2002, President Bush initiated a fiscal policy of cutting tax rates. The main aim of the tax cut was to raise the volume of private activities within the economy. This is major merit of any tax cut policy, as it raises the disposable income of people and hence demand. It also raises the volume of private savings and hence investment. This is basically the Keynesian view of this fiscal policy (Mankiw, 388-399). This decision caused USA to lose its national income by 1%. This tax cut caused huge budget deficits and defense costs and increased the volume of fiscal deficit (Auerbach). This fiscal policy increases the budget deficit by increasing the demand for imports relative to exports and hence it reduces the volume of stock of foreign currency of the country. For the US economy this has happened. Monetary policy: Monetary policies are taken the monetary authority of the country in order to control the values of the variables like interest rates and output or income of the economy (Mankiw, 390-410). Monetary policy includes open market operations by the government, changes in the repo rates and reverse repo rates etc. All these policies are taken to control the volume of money supply in the economy. An increase (decrease) in the money supply raises the ra ises (lowers) output and employment, but lowers (raises) interest rates. Money supply is determined by the amount of money in circulation in the economy and by the volume of demand deposits in the economy. Monetary policy can be used to stimulate real GDP in the short run as well as in the long run. Increase in the supply of money can augment the demand for goods and services and hence

Senator Michael F. Nozzolio Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Senator Michael F. Nozzolio - Article Example He also serves in the Senate finance and Senate Rules Committees, meaning that he and his colleagues have power over the budget of the State (Nozzolio) . Senator Nozzolio has over the past years been an active participant in the House of Senate, proposing bills and being involved in passing of these bills. For Example, in January 2014, he voted against the bill to implement and enforce a secure ammunition and firearms team. This bill was passed by the house. In May 30th 2013, Senator Nozzolio proposed a bill to the Senate House, the bill proposed an act to amend the law on environmental conservation. The motion brought forward touched on the authorization of hunting in the Wayne County (United state snate). He proposed that the Senate should revoke such an authorization once it expires in 2015 so that that part of the law is not renewed. Senator Nozzolio and other 61 members of the house voted yes to such an amendment and the bill was passed. Senator Nozzolio during elections made a commitment that he would enhance the job-producing small businesses project. He is now encouraging citizens to involve themselves in the small businesses and promote the already established ones by shopping at local businesses. He thus designated a Saturday called, â€Å"Small Business Saturday† where the locals and their leaders come together to acknowledge and appreciate the small enterprises that have been established locally to encourage people to shop locally (Nozzolio). He had also promised that he would try and reduce the burden tax payers have to carry to keep the country running. Therefore he has over the years been committed strongly to fulfilling this election promise. The previous the senator stated that there has been formation of a new move by the Senate to create jobs and mitigate the burden taxpayers have to carry. Senator Nozzolio was born and bred in Seneca County, and served in the senate for quite a long time.

Animal Extinction Essay Example for Free

Animal Extinction Essay Animal Extinction the greatest threat to mankind In the final stages of dehydration the body shrinks, robbing youth from the young as the skin puckers, eyes recede into orbits, and the tongue swells and cracks. Brain cells shrivel and muscles seize. The kidneys shut down. Blood volume drops, triggering hypovolemic shock, with its attendant respiratory and cardiac failures. These combined assaults disrupt the chemical and electrical pathways of the body until all systems cascade toward death. Such is also the path of a dying species. Beyond a critical point, the collective body of a unique kind of mammal or bird or amphibian or tree cannot be salvaged, no matter the first aid rendered. Too few individuals spread too far apart, or too genetically weakened, are susceptible to even small natural disasters: a passing thunderstorm; an unexpected freeze; drought. At fewer than 50 members, populations experience increasingly random fluctuations until a kind of fatal arrhythmia takes hold. Eventually, an entire genetic legacy, born in the beginnings of life on earth, is removed from the future. Scientists recognise that species continually disappear at a background extinction rate estimated at about one species per million per year, with new species replacing the lost in a sustainable fashion. Occasional mass extinctions convulse this orderly norm, followed by excruciatingly slow recoveries as new species emerge from the remaining gene-pool, until the world is once again repopulated by a different catalogue of flora and fauna. From what we understand so far, five great extinction events have reshaped earth in cataclysmic ways in the past 439 million years, each one wiping out between 50 and 95 per cent of the life of the day, including the dominant life forms; the most recent event killing off the non-avian dinosaurs. Speciations followed, but an analysis published in Nature showed that it takes 10 million years before biological diversity even begins to approach what existed before a die-off. Today were living through the sixth great extinction, sometimes known as the Holocene extinction event. We carried its seeds with us 50,000 years ago as we migrated beyond Africa with Stone Age blades, darts, and harpoons, entering pristine Ice Age ecosystems and changing them forever by wiping out at least some of the unique megafauna of the times, including, perhaps, the sabre-toothed cats and woolly mammoths. When the ice retreated, we terminated the long and biologically rich epoch sometimes called the Edenic period with assaults from our newest weapons: hoes, scythes, cattle, goats, and pigs. But, as harmful as our forebears may have been, nothing compares to whats under way today. Throughout the 20th century the causes of extinction habitat degradation, overexploitation, agricultural monocultures, human-borne invasive species, human-induced climate-change increased exponentially, until now in the 21st century the rate is nothing short of explosive. The World Conservation Unions Red List a database measuring the global status of Earths 1. million scientifically named species tells a haunting tale of unchecked, unaddressed, and accelerating biocide. When we hear of extinction, most of us think of the plight of the rhino, tiger, panda or blue whale. But these sad sagas are only small pieces of the extinction puzzle. The overall numbers are terrifying. Of the 40,168 species that the 10,000 scientists in the World Conservation Union have assessed, one in four mammals, one in eight birds, one in three amphibians, one in three conifers and other gymnosperms are at risk of e xtinction. The peril faced by other classes of organisms is less thoroughly analysed, but fully 40 per cent of the examined species of planet earth are in danger, including perhaps 51 per cent of reptiles, 52 per cent of insects, and 73 per cent of flowering plants. By the most conservative measure based on the last centurys recorded extinctions the current rate of extinction is 100 times the background rate. But the eminent Harvard biologist Edward O Wilson, and other scientists, estimate that the true rate is more like 1,000 to 10,000 times the background rate. The actual annual sum is only an educated guess, because no scientist believes that the tally of life ends at the 1. 5 million species already discovered; estimates range as high as 100 million species on earth, with 10 million as the median guess. Bracketed between best- and worst-case scenarios, then, somewhere between 2. 7 and 270 species are erased from existence every day. Including today. We now understand that the majority of life on Earth has never been and will never be known to us. In a staggering forecast, Wilson predicts that our present course will lead to the extinction of half of all plant and animal species by 2100. You probably had no idea. Few do. A poll by the American Museum of Natural History finds that seven in 10 biologists believe that mass extinction poses a colossal threat to human existence, a more serious environmental problem than even its contributor, global warming; and that the dangers of mass extinction are woefully underestimated by almost everyone outside science. In the 200 years since French naturalist Georges Cuvier first floated the concept of extinction, after examining fossil bones and concluding the existence of a world previous to ours, destroyed by some sort of catastrophe, we have only slowly recognised and attempted to correct our own catastrophic behaviour. Some nations move more slowly than others. In 1992, an international summit produced a treaty called the Convention on Biological Diversity that was subsequently ratified by 190 nations all except the unlikely coalition of the United States, Iraq, the Vatican, Somalia, Andorra and Brunei. The European Union later called on the world to arrest the decline of species and ecosystems by 2010. Last year, worried biodiversity experts called for the establishment of a scientific body akin to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to provide a united voice on the extinction crisis and urge governments to action. Yet, despite these efforts, the Red List, updated every two years, continues to show metastatic growth. There are a few heartening examples of so-called Lazarus species lost and then found: the wollemi pine and the mahogany lider in Australia, the Jerdons courser in India, the takahe in New Zealand, and, maybe, the ivory-billed woodpecker in the United States. But for virtually all others, the Red List is a dry country with little hope of rain, as species ratchet down the listings from secure to vulnerable, to endangered, to critically endangered, to extinct. All these disappearing species are part of a fragile membrane of organisms wrapped around the Earth so thinly, writes Wilson, that it cannot be seen edgewise from a space shuttle, yet so internally complex that most species composing it remain undiscovered. We owe everything to this membrane of life. Literally everything. The air we breathe. The food we eat. The materials of our homes, clothes, books, computers, medicines. Goods and services that we cant even imagine well someday need will come from species we have yet to identify. The proverbial cure for cancer. The genetic fountain of youth. Immortality. Mortality. The living membrane we so recklessly destroy is existence itself. Biodiversity is defined as the sum of an areas genes (the building blocks of inheritance), species (organisms that can interbreed), and ecosystems (amalgamations of species in their geological and chemical landscapes). The richer an areas biodiversity, the tougher its immune system, since biodiversity includes not only the number of species but also the number of individuals within that species, and all the inherent genetic variations lifes only army against the diseases of oblivion. Yet its a mistake to think that critical genetic pools exist only in the gaudy show of the coral reefs, or the cacophony of the rainforest. Although a hallmark of the desert is the sparseness of its garden, the orderly progression of plants and the understated camouflage of its animals, this is only an illusion. Turn the desert inside out and upside down and youll discover its true nature. Escaping drought and heat, life goes underground in a tangled overexuberance of roots and burrows reminiscent of a rainforest canopy, competing for moisture, not light. Animal trails criss-cross this subterranean realm in private burrows engineered, inhabited, stolen, shared and fought over by ants, beetles, wasps, cicadas, tarantulas, spiders, lizards, snakes, mice, squirrels, rats, foxes, tortoises, badgers and coyotes. To survive the heat and drought, desert life pioneers ingenious solutions. Coyotes dig and maintain wells in arroyos, probing deep for water. White-winged doves use their bodies as canteens, drinking enough when the opportunity arises to increase their bodyweight by more than 15 per cent. Black-tailed jack rabbits tolerate internal temperatures of 111F. Western box turtles store water in their oversized bladders and urinate on themselves to stay cool. Mesquite grows taproots more than 160ft deep in search of moisture. These life-forms and their life strategies compose what we might think of as the body of the desert, with some species the lungs and others the liver, the blood, the skin. The trend in scientific investigation in recent decades has been toward understanding the interconnectedness of the bodily components, i. e. the effect one species has on the others. The loss of even one species irrevocably changes the desert (or the tundra, rainforest, prairie, coastal estuary, coral reef, and so on) as we know it, just as the loss of each human being changes his or her family forever. Nowhere is this better proven than in a 12-year study conducted in the Chihuahuan desert by James H Brown and Edward Heske of the University of New Mexico. When a kangaroo-rat guild composed of three closely related species was removed, shrublands quickly converted to grasslands, which supported fewer annual plants, which in turn supported fewer birds. Even humble players mediate stability. So when you and I hear of this years extinction of the Yangtze river dolphin, and think, how sad, were not calculating the deepest cost: that extinctions lead to co-extinctions because most living things on Earth support a few symbionts, while keystone species influence and support myriad plants and animals. Army ants, for example, are known to support 100 known species, from beetles to birds. One of the most alarming developments is the rapid decline not just of species but of higher taxa, such as the class Amphibia, the 00-million-year-old group of frogs, salamanders, newts and toads hardy enough to have preceded and then outlived most dinosaurs. Biologists first noticed die-offs two decades ago, and, since then, have watched as seemingly robust amphibian species vanished in as little as six months. The causes cover the spectrum of human environmental assaults, including rising ultraviolet radiation from a thinning ozone layer, increases in po llutants and pesticides, habitat loss from agriculture and urbanisation, invasions of exotic species, the wildlife trade, light pollution, and fungal diseases. Sometimes stressors merge to form an unwholesome synergy; an African frog brought to the West in the 1950s for use in human pregnancy tests likely introduced a fungus deadly to native frogs. Meanwhile, a recent analysis in Nature estimated that, in the past 20 years, at least 70 species of South American frogs had gone extinct as a result of climate change. In a 2004 analysis published in Science, Lian Pin Koh and his colleagues predict that an initially modest co-extinction rate will climb alarmingly as host extinctions rise in the near future. Graphed out, the forecast mirrors the rising curve of an infectious disease, with the human species acting all the parts: the pathogen, the vector, the Typhoid Mary who refuses culpability, and, ultimately, one of up to 100 million victims. Rewilding is bigger, broader, and bolder than humans have thought before. Many conservation biologists believe its our best hope for arresting the sixth great extinction. Wilson calls it mainstream conservation writ large for future generations. This is because more of what weve done until now protecting pretty landscapes, attempts at sustainable development, community-based conservation and ecosystem management will not preserve biodiversity through the critical next century. By then, half of all species will be lost, by Wilsons calculation. To save Earths living membrane, we must put its shattered pieces back together. Only megapreserves modelled on a deep scientific understanding of continent-wide ecosystem needs hold that promise. What I have been preparing to say is this, wrote Thoreau more than 150 years ago. In wildness is the preservation of the world. This, science finally understands. The Wildlands Project, the conservation group spearheading the drive to rewild North America by reconnecting remaining wildernesses (parks, refuges, national forests, and local land trust holdings) through corridors calls for reconnecting wild North America in four broad megalinkages: along the Rocky Mountain spine of the contine nt from Alaska to Mexico; across the arctic/boreal from Alaska to Labrador; along the Atlantic via the Appalachians; and along the Pacific via the Sierra Nevada into the Baja peninsula. Within each megalinkage, core protected areas would be connected by mosaics of public and private lands providing safe passage for wildlife to travel freely. Broad, vegetated overpasses would link wilderness areas split by roads. Private landowners would be enticed to either donate land or adopt policies of good stewardship along critical pathways. Its a radical vision, one the Wildlands Project expects will take 100 years or more to complete, and one that has won the project a special enmity from those who view environmentalists with suspicion. Yet the core brainchild of the Wildlands Project that true conservation must happen on an ecosystem-wide scale is now widely accepted. Many conservation organisations are already collaborating on the project, including international players such as Naturalia in Mexico, US national heavyweights like Defenders of Wildlife, and regional experts from the Southern Rockies Ecosystem Project to the Grand Canyon Wildlands Council. Kim Vacariu, the South-west director of the USs Wildlands Project, reports that ranchers are coming round, one town meeting at a time, and that there is interest, if not yet support, from the insurance industry and others who face the reality of car-wildlife collisions daily. At its heart, rewilding is based on living with the monster under the bed, since the big, scary animals that frightened us in childhood, and still do, are the fierce guardians of biodiversity. Without wolves, wolverines, grizzlies, black bears, mountain lions and jaguars, wild populations shift toward the herbivores, who proceed to eat plants into extinction, taking birds, bees, reptiles, amphibians and rodents with them. A tenet of ecology states that the world is green because carnivores eat herbivores. Yet the big carnivores continue to die out because we fear and hunt them and because they need more room than we preserve and connect. Male wolverines, for instance, can possess home ranges of 600 sq m. Translated, Greater London would have room for only one. The first campaign out of the Wildlands Projects starting gate is the spine of the continent, along the mountains from Alaska to Mexico, today fractured by roads, logging, oil and gas development, grazing, ski resorts, motorised back-country recreation and sprawl. The spine already contains dozens of core wildlands, including wilderness areas, national parks, national monuments, wildlife refuges, and private holdings. On the map, these scattered fragments look like debris falls from meteorite strikes. Some are already partially buffered by surrounding protected areas such as national forests. But all need interconnecting linkages across public and private lands farms, ranches, suburbia to facilitate the travels of big carnivores and the net of biodiversity that they tow behind them. The Wildlands Project has also identified the five most critically endangered wildlife linkages along the spine, each associated with a keystone species. Grizzlies already pinched at Crowsnest Pass on Highway Three, between Alberta and British Columbia, will be entirely cut off from the bigger gene pool to the north if a larger road is built. Greater sage grouse, Canada lynx, black bears and jaguars face their own lethal obstacles further south. But by far the most endangered wildlife-linkage is the borderland between the US and Mexico. The Sky Islands straddle this boundary, and some of North Americas most threatened wildlife jaguars, bison, Sonoran pronghorn, Mexican wolves cross, or need to cross, here in the course of their lifes travels. Unfortunately for wildlife, Mexican workers cross here too. Men, women, and children, running at night, one-gallon water jugs in hand. The problem for wildlife is not so much the intrusions of illegal Mexican workers but the 700-mile border fence proposed to keep them out. From an ecological perspective, it will sever the spine at the lumbar, paralysing the lower continent. Here, in a nutshell, is all thats wrong with our treatment of nature. Amid all the moral, practical, and legal issues with the border fence, the biological catastrophe has barely been noted. Its as if extinction is not contagious and we wont catch it. If, as some indigenous people believe, the jaguar was sent to the world to test the will and integrity of human beings, then surely we need to reassess. Border fences have terrible consequences. One between India and Pakistan forces starving bears and leopards, which can no longer traverse their feeding territories, to attack villagers. The truth is that wilderness is more dangerous to us caged than free and has far more value to us wild than consumed. Wilson suggests the time has come to rename the environmentalist view the real-world view, and to replace the gross national product with the more comprehensive genuine progress indicator, which estimates the true environmental costs of farming, fishing, grazing, mining, smelting, driving, flying, building, paving, computing, medicating and so on. Until then, its like keeping a ledger recording income but not expenses. Like us, the Earth has a finite budget.